DICOM PS3.3 2021d - Information Object Definitions

2 Normative References (Current)
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# 2 Normative References

The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilities of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.

## 2.1 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

[ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2] ISO/IEC. 2016/05. 7.0. Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards. http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs/iec/isoiecdir-2%7Bed7.0%7Den.pdf .

[ISO 646] ISO. 1990. Information Processing - ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange.

[ISO/IEC 2022] ISO/IEC. 1994. Information technology - Character code structure and extension techniques.

[ISO 3950] ISO. 2010. Dentistry - Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity.

[ISO 7498-1] ISO. 1994. Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model.

[ISO 7498-2] ISO. 1989. Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic reference Model - Part 2: Security Architecture.

[ISO/TR 8509] ISO. Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Service Conventions. ISO/TR 8509 has been withdrawn. See ISO/IEC 2382-26:1993 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 26: Open systems interconnection .

[ISO 8825-1] ISO. 2002. Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER).

[ISO/IEC 8859] ISO/IEC. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets.

[ISO/IEC 8859-1] ISO/IEC. 1987. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1.

[ISO/IEC 8859-2] ISO/IEC. 1987. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 2: Latin alphabet No. 2.

[ISO/IEC 8859-3] ISO/IEC. 1988. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 3: Latin alphabet No. 3.

[ISO/IEC 8859-4] ISO/IEC. 1988. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4.

[ISO/IEC 8859-5] ISO/IEC. 1988. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 5: Latin/Cyrillic alphabet.

[ISO/IEC 8859-6] ISO/IEC. 1987. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 6: Latin/Arabic alphabet.

[ISO/IEC 8859-7] ISO/IEC. 1987. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 7: Latin/Greek alphabet.

[ISO/IEC 8859-8] ISO/IEC. 1988. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet.

[ISO/IEC 8859-9] ISO/IEC. 1989. Information processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 9: Latin alphabet No. 5.

[ISO/IEC 8859-15] ISO/IEC. 1999. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 15: Latin alphabet No. 9.

[ISO/IEC 10118-3] ISO/IEC. 1998. Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 3: Dedicated hash-functions (RIPEMD-160 reference). The draft RIPEMD-160 specification and sample code are also available at http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html .

[ISO/IEC 10646] ISO/IEC. 2020. Information Technology - Universal Coded Character Set (UCS). ISO/IEC 10646-2020 is the same as Unicode Version 13.0, available at http://unicode.org .

[ISO/IEC 10918-1] ISO/IEC. 1994. JPEG Standard for digital compression and encoding of continuous-tone still images. Part 1 - Requirements and implementation guidelines.

[ISO/IEC 10918-5] ISO/IEC. 2013. JPEG Standard for digital compression and encoding of continuous-tone still images. Part 5 - JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF).

[ISO 11664-4] ISO. 2008. Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space. ISO 11664-4 2008 is the same as CIE S 014-4/E:2007 .

[ISO 12232] ISO. 2006. Photography - Digital still cameras - Determination of exposure index, ISO speed ratings, standard output sensitivity, and recommended exposure index. http://www.iso.org/standard/37777.html .

[ISO 12233] ISO. 2018. Photography - Electronic still picture imaging - Resolution and spatial frequency responses. http://www.iso.org/standard/71696.html .

[ISO 12234-2] ISO. 2001. Electronic still-picture imaging - Removable memory - Part 2: TIFF/EP image data formats. https://www.iso.org/standard/29377.html .

[ISO/IEC 13818-1] ISO/IEC. 2000. Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems.

[ISO/IEC 13818-2] ISO/IEC. 2000. Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video.

[ISO/IEC 13818-3] ISO/IEC. 1998. Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 3: Audio.

[ISO/IEC 13818-4] ISO/IEC. 2004. Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 4: Conformance testing.

[ISO/IEC 14495-1] ISO/IEC. 1997. Lossless and near-lossless coding of continuous tone still images (JPEG-LS).

[ISO/IEC 14496-10] ISO/IEC. 2009. Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 210: Advanced Video Coding. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52974 .

[ISO/IEC 14496-22] ISO/IEC. Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 22: Open Font Format. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52136 .

[ISO 14524] ISO. 2009. Photography - Electronic still-picture cameras - Methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion functions (OECFs). http://www.iso.org/standard/43527.html .

[ISO/IEC 15444-1] ISO/IEC. 2004. JPEG 2000 Image Coding System.

[ISO 15076-1] ISO. 2005. Image technology colour management - Architecture, profile format, and data structure. Also available as ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile version 4.2.0.0), International Color Consortium, available at http://www.color.org/v4spec.xalter .

[ISO 19980] ISO. 2012. second edition. Ophthalmic instruments - Corneal topographers.

[ISO 22028-2] ISO. 2013. Photography and graphic technology - Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipulation and interchange - Part 2: Reference output medium metric RGB colour image encoding (ROMM RGB). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56591 .

[ISO/IEC 23008-2] ISO/IEC. Information technology - High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments - Part 2: High efficiency video coding. http://​www.iso.org/​iso/​iso_catalogue/​catalogue_tc/​catalogue_detail.htm?​csnumber=67660 .

[ISO 32000-1] ISO. Document management - Portable document format - Part 1. http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51502 .

[IEC 60601-2-33] IEC. 2010. Ed.3.1. Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 2-33: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis.

[IEC 60601-2-44] IEC. 2016. Ed.3.2. Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 2-44: Particular Requirements for the Safety of X-Ray Equipment for Computed Tomography.

[IEC 60601-2-63] IEC. 2012. Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 2-63: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of dental extra-oral X-Ray equipment.

[IEC 60601-2-64] IEC. 2014. Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 2-64: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of light ion beam medical electrical equipment.

[IEC 61217] IEC. 2011. Ed 2. Radiotherapy Equipment - Coordinates, Movements and Scales.

[IEC 61966-2.1] IEC. 1999. Ed 1.0. Multimedia systems and equipment - colour measurement and management - Part 2.1: colour management - Default RGB colour space - sRGB.

[IEC 62494-1] IEC. 2008. Medical electrical equipment - Exposure index of digital X-Ray imaging systems - Part 1: Definitions and requirements for general radiography.

[IEC 62563-1] IEC. 2009. Ed 1.0. Medical Electrical Equipment - Medical image display systems - Part 1: Evaluation methods.

[ISO IR 13] ISO. 1975. Registration - The Japanese KATAKANA graphic set of characters. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/013.pdf .

[ISO IR 14] ISO. 1975. Registration - The Japanese Roman graphic set of characters. https://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/014.pdf .

[ISO IR 100] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of the Latin Alphabet Nr. 1. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/100.pdf .

[ISO IR 101] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of the Latin Alphabet Nr. 2. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/101.pdf .

[ISO IR 109] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of the Latin Alphabet Nr. 3. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/109.pdf .

[ISO IR 110] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of the Latin Alphabet Nr. 4. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/110.pdf .

[ISO IR 126] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of the Latin/Greek alphabet. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/126.pdf .

[ISO IR 127] ISO. 1986. Registration - Right-hand Part of Latin/Arabic alphabet. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/127.pdf .

[ISO IR 138] ISO. 1987. Registration - Latin/Hebrew alphabet. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/138.pdf .

[ISO IR 144] ISO. 1988. Registration - Cyrillic Part of the Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/144.pdf .

[ISO IR 148] ISO. 1988. Registration - Right-hand Part of Latin alphabet No. 5. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/148.pdf .

[ISO IR 166] ISO. 1992. Registration - Thai Character Set. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/166.pdf .

[ISO IR 192] ISO. 1996. Registration - UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), implementation level 3, without standard return. http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/192.pdf .

[ISO IR 203] ISO. 1998. Registration - European supplementary Latin set ("Latin 9"). http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/iso-ir/203.pdf .

## 2.2 International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

[ITU-T G.711] ITU. 1998. Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies.

[ITU-T X.509] ITU. 2000. Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks. ITU-T Recommendation X.509 is similar to ISO/IEC 9594-8 1990. However, the ITU-T recommendation is the more familiar form, and was revised in 1993 and 2000, with two sets of corrections in 2001. ITU-T was formerly known as CCITT. .

## 2.3 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

[RFC1321] IETF. The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321 .

[RFC2046] IETF. November 1996. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046 .

[RFC2437] IETF. October 1998. PKCS #1 RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.0. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2437 . The RSA Encryption Standard is also defined in informative Annex A of ISO/IEC 9796, and in Normative Annex A of the CEN/TC251 European Prestandard prENV 12388:1996. .

[RFC3161] IETF. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure; Time Stamp Protocols. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3161 .

[RFC3986] IETF. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 .

[RFC5652] IETF. September 2009. Cryptographic Message Syntax. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5652 .

[RFC6151] IETF. March 2011. Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6151 .

## 2.4 Health Level Seven (HL7)

[HL7 V2.5] ANSI/HL7. 2003. HL7 Standard Version 2.5 - An Application Protocol for Electronic Data Exchange in Healthcare Environments. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/V25/HL7_Messaging_v25_PDF.zip .

[HL7 V3 DT R1] ANSI/HL7. 2004. HL7 Version 3 Standard: Data Types - Abstract Specification, Release 1.

[HL7 CDA R1] ANSI/HL7. 2000. HL7 Version 3 Standard: Clinical Document Architecture Framework, Release 1. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/cda/r1/HL7_CDA_R1_FINAL.zip .

[HL7 CDA R2] ANSI/HL7. 2005. HL7 Version 3 Standard: Clinical Document Architecture Framework, Release 2. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/cda/r2/cda_r2_normativewebedition2010.zip .

[HL7 SCTP R1.0] HL7. 2000. HL7 Structured Clinical Trial Protocol Standard, Release 1.0.

[HL7 SPL R1.0] ANSI/HL7. 2004. HL7 Structured Product Labeling Standard, Release 1.0. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/SPL/SPL_Specification_ANSI_R1.0-2004.zip .

## 2.5 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

[FIPS PUB 46] NIST. . Data Encryption Standard (DES). Withdrawn . http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/archive/fips46-3/fips46-3.pdf .

[FIPS PUB 81] NIST. . DES Modes of Operation. Withdrawn .

[FIPS PUB 180-4] NIST. August 2015. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). http://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4 .

[FIPS PUB 202] NIST. August 2015. SHA-3 Standard. http://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202 .

## 2.6 Other References

[Adobe RGB] Adobe Systems Incorporated. 1998. 2005-05. Adobe RGB (1998) Color Image Encoding. http://www.adobe.com/digitalimag/pdfs/AdobeRGB1998.pdf .

[Anderson 1986] Medical Physics. Anderson LL. 1986. 13. 6. 898-903. “A "natural" volume-dose histogram for brachytherapy”. doi:10.1118/1.595815

[ANSI X9.52] ANSI. 1998. Triple Data Encryption Algorithm Modes of Operation, Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X9, Financial Services.

[APEX] Douglas A. Kerr. August 4, 2007. APEX — The Additive System of Photographic Exposure. http://dougkerr.net/Pumpkin/articles/APEX.pdf .

[BI-RADS®] American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia. 1998. 3.0. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas. http://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/BIRADS .

[CIE Publication 15.2] Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage/International Commission on Illumination. 1986. Second Edition. Colorimetry.

[ECMA 235] European Computer Manufacturers Association. 1996. The ECMA GSS-API Mechanism. http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-235.htm .

[EXIF 2.31] Camera and Imaging Products Association (CIPA). July 2016. 2.31. Exchangeable Image File Format for Digital Still Cameras - CIPA DC-008, JEITA CP-3451C Translation. http://cipa.jp/std/documents/e/DC-008-Translation-2016-E.pdf .

[FDA UDI] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2016. 1.2. UDI formats by FDA-Accredited Issuing Agency. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/UniqueDeviceIdentification/UDIIssuingAgencies/UCM489869.pdf .

[GBK] China National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee. 1995. Chinese Internal Code Extension Specification.

[GB 2312] National Standard Administration of China. 1981. Simplified Chinese Characters Coding Specification.

[GB 18030] Standards Administration of China. 2000. Information Technology - Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange - Extension for the basic set.

[ICRU Report 50] International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. 1993. Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy.

[JIS X 0201] JIS. 1976. Code for Information Interchange.

[JIS X 0208] JIS. 1990. Code for the Japanese Graphic Character set for information interchange.

[JIS X 0212] JIS. 1990. Code of the supplementary Japanese Graphic Character set for information interchange.

[KS X 1001] KS. 1997. Code for Information Interchange (Hangul and Hanja).

[NEMA UD3] National Electrical Manufacturers Association and American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2004. Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment.

[NEMA XR-17] National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 2013. X-ray Equipment for Interventional Procedures User Quality Control Mode.

[NEMA XR-25] National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 2010. Computed Tomography Dose Check.

[IEEE 754] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 1985. 32-bit and 64-bit Floating Point Number Representations. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/ .

[IEEE 1588] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2008. Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4579760

[IHE ITI TF-2b] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 2b Transactions Part B – Sections 3.29 – 3.64. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/ITI/IHE_ITI_TF_Vol2b.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-1] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 1 Integration Profiles. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-1x] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 1x Appendices to Integration Profiles. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1x.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-2] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 2 Transactions. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol2.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-2x] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 2x Appendices to Transactions. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol2x.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-3] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 3 Cross-Transaction Specifications and Content Specifications. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol3.pdf .

[IHE RAD TF-4] IHE International. 2020. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Radiology Technical Framework Volume 4 National Extensions. http://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol4.pdf .

[OBJ] Wavefront Technologies. 1992. Advanced Visualizer. B1. Object Files (.obj). http://www.cs.utah.edu/~boulos/cs3505/obj_spec.pdf .

[PDF] Adobe Systems Incorporated. 1985. Fifth Edition. PDF Reference, version 1.6. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference_archive.html .

[TIS 620-2533] Thai Industrial Standards Institute. 1990. Thai Characters Code for Information Interchange. http://www.nectec.or.th/it-standards/std620/std620.html .

[McCollough 2007] Radiology. McCollough CH. 2007. 243. 2. 527. “A multi-institutional, multi-manufacturer, international standard for the quantification of coronary artery calcium using cardiac CT”. doi:10.1148/radiol.2432050808

[CSS2] W3C. 2011. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) CSS2 generic font families. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/fonts.html#generic-font-families .

[HPGL] Hewlett Packard. . PCL/PJL Reference PCL5 Printer Language Technical Reference Manual. IIHP 5961-0509. http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/bpl13211.pdf .

[AAPM TG 116] American Association of Physicists in Medicine. July 2009. Report of AAPM Task Group 116 - An Exposure Indicator for Digital Radiography. http://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_116.pdf .

[AAPM Report 204] American Association of Physicists in Medicine. 2011. Report of AAPM Task Group 204 - Size-Specific Dose Estimates (SSDE) in Pediatric and Adult Body CT Examinations. http://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/RPT_204.pdf .

[AAPM Report 220] American Association of Physicists in Medicine. September 2014. Report of AAPM Task Group 220 - Use of Water Equivalent Diameter for Calculating Patient Size and Size-Specific Dose Estimates (SSDE) in CT. http://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_220.pdf .

[AAPM OR 03] American Association of Physicists in Medicine. 2005. Assessment of Display Performance for Medical Imaging Systems. http://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/OR_03.pdf .

[DIN 6868-57] Deutsches Institut für Normung. 2001. Image quality assurance in diagnostic X-Ray departments - Acceptance testing for image display devices.

[US 6,272,235] Bacus JV and Bacus JW. Method and Apparatus for Creating a Virtual Microscope Slide. US Patent. 6,272,235. August 7, 2001.

[Porter and Duff 1984] Computer Graphics. Porter, Thomas and Duff, Tom. 1984. 18. 3. 253-259. “Compositing Digital Images”. doi:10.1145/800031.808606 http://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf .

[Phong 1975] Communications of the ACM. Phong, Bui Tuong. 1975. 18. 6. 311-317. “Illumination for computer generated pictures”. doi:10.1145/360825.360839 http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~ago820/cs395/Papers/Phong_1975.pdf .

[Poynton 2008] Poynton, Charles. 2008/01/24. Chroma subsampling notation. http://www.poynton.com/PDFs/Chroma_subsampling_notation.pdf .

[STL 1989] 3D Systems, Inc.. 1989. StereoLithography Interface Specification.

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DICOM PS3.3 2021d - Information Object Definitions