DICOM PS3.5 2018d - Data Structures and Encoding

8.2.3 JPEG-LS Image Compression (Current)
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### 8.2.3 JPEG-LS Image Compression

DICOM provides a mechanism for supporting the use of JPEG-LS Image Compression through the Encapsulated Format (see PS3.3). Annex A defines a number of Transfer Syntaxes that reference the JPEG-LS Standard and provide a number of lossless (bit preserving) and lossy (near-lossless) compression schemes.

### Note

The context where the usage of lossy (near-lossless) compression of medical images is clinically acceptable is beyond the scope of the DICOM Standard. The policies associated with the selection of appropriate compression parameters (e.g., compression ratio) for JPEG-LS lossy (near-lossless) compression is also beyond the scope of this standard.

The use of the DICOM Encapsulated Format to support JPEG-LS Compressed Pixel Data requires that the Data Elements that are related to the Pixel Data encoding (e.g., Photometric Interpretation, Samples per Pixel, Planar Configuration, Bits Allocated, Bits Stored, High Bit, Pixel Representation, Rows, Columns, etc.) shall contain values that are consistent with the characteristics of the compressed data stream. The Pixel Data characteristics included in the JPEG-LS Interchange Format shall be used to decode the compressed data stream.

The requirements when using a Standard Photometric Interpretation (i.e., a Defined Term from PS.3. C.7.6.3.1.2) are specified in Table 8.2.3-1. No other Standard Photometric Interpretation values shall be used.

Table 8.2.3-1. Valid Values of Pixel Data Related Attributes for JPEG-LS Compression using Standard Photometric Interpretations

Photometric Interpretation | Transfer Syntax | Transfer Syntax UID | Samples per Pixel | Planar Configuration | Pixel Representation | Bits Allocated | Bits Stored | High Bit
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
MONOCHROME1 MONOCHROME2 | JPEG-LS Lossless JPEG-LS Lossy (Near-Lossless) | 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​80 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​81 | 1 | absent | 0 or 1 | 8 or 16 | 2-16 | 1-15
PALETTE COLOR | JPEG-LS Lossless | 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​80 | 1 | absent | 0 | 8 or 16 | 2-16 | 1-15
YBR_FULL | JPEG-LS Lossless JPEG-LS Lossy (Near-Lossless) | 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​80 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​81 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 2-8 | 1-7
RGB | JPEG-LS Lossless JPEG-LS Lossy (Near-Lossless) | 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​80 1.2.840.10008.1.2.​4.​81 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 8 or 16 | 2-16 | 1-15

### Note

1. See also the notes in Section 8.2.1.

2. No color transformation Photometric Interpretation specific for JPEG-LS is currently defined in DICOM. Annex F of ISO 14495-2 describes a "Sample transformation for inverse colour transform" and a marker segment to encode its parameters, but this is not known to have been implemented. Common practice is to compress the RGB components unconverted, which sacrifices compression performance, and send the Photometric Interpretation as RGB. Though the YBR_RCT Photometric Interpretation and component conversion could theoretically be used, in the absence of DC shifting it results in signed values to be encoded, which are not supported by JPEG-LS.

3. If JPEG-LS Compressed Pixel Data is decompressed and re-encoded in Native (uncompressed) form, then the Data Elements that are related to the Pixel Data encoding are updated accordingly. If color components are converted from any other Photometric Interpretation to RGB during decompression and Native re-encoding, the Photometric Interpretation will be changed to RGB in the Data Set with the Native encoding.

4. The lower limit of 2 on Bits Stored (0028,0101) reflects the minimum JPEG-LS sample precision of 2.

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DICOM PS3.5 2018d - Data Structures and Encoding