DICOM PS3.17 2017a - Explanatory Information

YYY Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context (Informative)
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# YYY Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context (Informative)

## YYY.1

This Annex describes the use of Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context.

### YYY.1.1 Example of housing and anesthesia for PET-CT

This Section contains examples for use cases involving imaging of a single animal in a hybrid PET-CT system.

The basic use case involves an animal, which:

- lives in an individually ventilated home cage with several other animals in the same cage

- is (briefly) transported (in its home cage) with its cage mates to the imaging facility, without heating, with an appropriate lid

- is removed from its home/transport cage for preparation for imaging, involving insertion of a tail vein cannula, performed on an electrically heated pad

- is induced by (a) placement in an induction chamber with more concentrated volatile anesthetic, or (b) intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine mixture

- is placed in a PET-CT compatible imaging sled/carrier/chamber for imaging (of one animal at a time), with anesthesia with Isoflurane and Oxygen as the carrier gas, and heated with an electric pad regulated by feedback from a rectal probe

- is removed for recovery in a separate cage

The content tree structure (when induction is by a volatile anesthetic) would resemble:

Node | Code Meaning of Concept Name | Code Meaning or Example Value | TID
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context |  | TID 8101
1.1 | Language of Content Item and Descendants | English | TID 1204
1.1.1 | Country of Language | United States | TID 1204
1.2 | Person Observer Name | Doe^Jane | TID 1003
1.3 | Procedure Code | PET/CT FDG imaging of whole body | TID 1005 CID 100
1.4 | Biosafety conditions |  | TID 8110
1.4.1 | Biosafety level | Biosafety level 1 | TID 8110 CID 601
1.5 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.5.1 | Phase of animal handling | In home cage | TID 8101 CID 634
1.5.2 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.5.2.1 | Housing manufacturer | Acme Inc. | TID 8121
1.5.2.2 | Housing rack product name | Acmerack IVC Mouse | TID 8121
1.5.2.3 | Housing unit product name | Acmecage Mouse Pre-Bedded Corn Cob with Enrichment | TID 8121
1.5.2.4 | Housing unit product code | 12345 | TID 8121
1.5.2.5 | Housing unit lid product name | Acmecage IVC Mouse Single Filter | TID 8121
1.5.2.6 | Housing unit lid product code | 6789 | TID 8121
1.5.2.7 | Number of racks per room | 4 {racks} | TID 8121
1.5.2.8 | Number of housing units per rack | 154 {housing units} | TID 8121
1.5.2.9 | Housing unit location in rack | Row 4 Column 7 | TID 8121
1.5.2.10 | Number of animals within same housing unit | 5 {animals} | TID 8121
1.5.2.11 | Sex of animals within same housing unit | Female | TID 8121
1.5.2.12 | Sex of handler | Mixed sex | TID 8121
1.5.2.13 | Total duration in housing | 133 days | TID 8121
1.5.2.14 | Housing change interval | 7 days | TID 8121
1.5.2.15 | Manual handling interval | 24 hours | TID 8121
1.5.2.16 | Housing unit width | 23.4 cm | TID 8121
1.5.2.17 | Housing unit height | 14.0 cm | TID 8121
1.5.2.18 | Housing unit length | 37.3 cm | TID 8121
1.5.2.19 | Housing individually ventilated | Yes | TID 8121 CID 231
1.5.2.20 | Air changes | 50 /hour | TID 8121
1.5.2.21 | Environmental temperature | 22 C | TID 8121
1.5.2.22 | Housing humidity | 50 % | TID 8121
1.5.2.23 | Housing unit reuse | Unused | TID 8121 CID 604
1.5.2.24 | Bedding material | Corn cob bedding | TID 8121 CID 605
1.5.2.25 | Bedding volume | 450 ml | TID 8121
1.5.2.26 | Enrichment material | Acmerichment paper twists | TID 8121
1.5.2.27 | Exerciser device | Acmewheel | TID 8121
1.5.2.28 | Shelter type | Red translucent igloo | TID 8121 CID 606
1.5.2.29 | Shelter manufacturer | Acme Inc. | TID 8121 CID 606
1.5.2.30 | Shelter product name | Acmedome | TID 8121 CID 606
1.6 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.6.1 | Phase of animal handling | During transport | TID 8101 CID 634
1.6.2 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.6.2.1 | Housing manufacturer | Acme Inc. | TID 8121
1.6.2.2 | Housing unit product name | Acmecage Mouse Pre-Bedded Corn Cob with Enrichment | TID 8121
1.6.2.3 | Housing unit product code | 12345 | TID 8121
1.6.2.4 | Housing unit lid product name | Acmecage Mouse Transport | TID 8121
1.6.2.5 | Housing unit lid product code | 9872 | TID 8121
1.6.2.6 | Number of animals within same housing unit | 5 {animals} | TID 8121
1.6.2.7 | Sex of animals within same housing unit | Female | TID 8121
1.6.3 | Heating conditions |  | TID 8140
1.6.3.1 | Heating | Unheated | TID 8140 CID 635
1.7 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.7.1 | Phase of animal handling | Staging prior to imaging | TID 8101 CID 634
1.8 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.8.1 | Phase of animal handling | Preparation for imaging | TID 8101 CID 634
1.8.2 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.8.2.1 | Comment | Animal exposed and restrained whilst cannulating tail vein | TID 8121
1.8.3 | Heating conditions |  | TID 8140
1.8.3.1 | Heating | Electric heating pad | TID 8140 CID 635
1.8.3.2 | Feedback temperature regulation | No | TID 8140 CID 231
1.9 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.9.1 | Phase of animal handling | Anesthesia induction | TID 8101 CID 634
1.9.2 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.9.2.1 | Housing manufacturer | Acme Inc | TID 8121
1.9.2.2 | Housing unit product name | Gas Anesthesia Induction Chamber Mouse | TID 8121
1.9.2.3 | Housing unit product code | 3487236 | TID 8121
1.10 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.10.1 | Phase of animal handling | Imaging procedure | TID 8101 CID 634
1.10.2 | DateTime Started | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8101
1.10.3 | DateTime Ended | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8101
1.10.4 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.10.4.1 | Housing manufacturer | Acme Inc | TID 8121
1.10.4.2 | Housing unit product name | Multimodal Mouse Chamber | TID 8121
1.10.5 | Heating conditions |  | TID 8140
1.10.5.1 | Heating | Electric heating pad | TID 8140 CID 635
1.10.5.1 | Feedback temperature regulation | Yes | TID 8140 CID 231
1.10.5.2 | Temperature sensor device component | Rectal temperature | TID 8140 CID 636
1.10.5.3 | Equipment Temperature | 37 C | TID 8140
1.10.6 | Physiological monitoring |  | TID 8170
1.10.6.1 | Electrocardiographic monitoring | Yes | TID 8170 CID 231
1.10.6.2 | Monitoring of respiration | No | TID 8170 CID 231
1.11 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.11.1 | Phase of animal handling | Anesthesia recovery period | TID 8101 CID 634
1.12 | Administration of anesthesia |  | TID 8130
1.12.1 | Anesthesia Method Set |  | TID 8130
1.12.1.1 | Anesthesia Method |  | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.1 | Anesthesia Category | General anesthesia | TID 8130 CID 611
1.12.1.1.2 | Anesthesia Start Time | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.3 | Anesthesia Finish Time | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.4 | Anesthesia Induction | By inhalation | TID 8130 CID 613
1.12.1.1.5 | Anesthesia Maintenance | Inhalation anesthesia system closed no rebreathing primary agent | TID 8130 CID 615
1.12.2 | Airway Management Set |  | TID 8130
1.12.2.1 | Airway Management |  | TID 8130
1.12.2.1.1 | Airway Management Method | Nose cone | TID 8130 CID 617
1.12.2.1.2 | Airway Sub-Management Method | Continuous flow ventilation | TID 8130 CID 619
1.12.3 | Medications Set |  | TID 8130
1.12.3.1 | Procedure Phase | During procedure | TID 8130 CID 631
1.12.3.2 | Medication given |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.1 | Drug start | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.2 | Drug end | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.3 | Route of administration | By inhalation | TID 8131 CID 11
1.12.3.2.4 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.4.1 | Drug administered | Isoflurane | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.2.4.2 | Medication Type | General anesthetic | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.2.4.3 | Concentration | 4 % | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.5 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.5.1 | Drug administered | Oxygen gas | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.2.5.2 | Medication Type | Carrier gas | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.2.5.3 | Concentration | 100 % | TID 8131
1.12.3.3 | Medication given |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.1 | Drug start | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.2 | Drug end | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.3 | Route of administration | By inhalation | TID 8131 CID 11
1.12.3.3.4 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.4.1 | Drug administered | Isoflurane | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.3.4.2 | Medication Type | General anesthetic | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.3.4.3 | Concentration | 2 % | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.5 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.3.5.1 | Drug administered | Oxygen gas | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.3.5.2 | Medication Type | Carrier gas | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.3.5.3 | Concentration | 100 % | TID 8131

The content tree structure when induction is by intra-peritoneal injection might be different in the following way, in that the housing during the induction phase does not involve a chamber, and the injected agent is specified, as follows:

Node | Code Meaning of Concept Name | Code Meaning or Example Value | TID
--- | --- | --- | ---
... | ... | ... | ...
1.9 | Animal handling during specified phase |  | TID 8101
1.9.1 | Phase of animal handling | Anesthesia induction | TID 8101 CID 634
1.9.2 | Animal housing |  | TID 8121
1.9.2.1 | Comment | Animal exposed whilst inducing anesthesia | TID 8121
... | ... | ... | ...
1.12 | Administration of anesthesia |  | TID 8130
1.12.1 | Anesthesia Method Set |  | TID 8130
1.12.1.1 | Anesthesia Method |  | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.1 | Anesthesia Category | General anesthesia | TID 8130 CID 611
1.12.1.1.2 | Anesthesia Start Time | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.3 | Anesthesia Finish Time | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8130
1.12.1.1.4 | Anesthesia Induction | Intraperitoneal route | TID 8130 CID 613
1.12.1.1.5 | Anesthesia Maintenance | Inhalation anesthesia, machine system, closed, no rebreathing of primary agent | TID 8130 CID 615
... | ... | ... | ...
1.12.3 | Medications Set |  | TID 8130
1.12.3.1 | Procedure Phase | During procedure | TID 8130 CID 631
1.12.3.2 | Medication given |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.1 | Drug start | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.2 | Route of administration | Intraperitoneal route | TID 8131 CID 11
1.12.3.2.3 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.3.1 | Drug administered | Ketamine | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.2.3.2 | Medication Type | General anesthetic | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.2.3.2 | Dosage | nn mg | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.4 | Mixture |  | TID 8131
1.12.3.2.4.1 | Drug administered | Medetomidine | TID 8131 CID 623
1.12.3.2.4.2 | Medication Type | General anesthetic | TID 8131 CID 621
1.12.3.2.4.2 | Dosage | nn mg | TID 8131
... | ... | ... | ...

### YYY.1.2 Example of exogenous substance administration to encode tumor cell line

Only the exogenous substance information is included in this example and content describing animal handling, anesthesia information, etc. is excluded for clarity. Indeed, given the optionality of the other content, it would be possible to create an Acquisition Context SR instance that describes only the exogenous substance information and nothing else.

The content tree structure would resemble:

Node | Code Meaning of Concept Name | Code Meaning or Example Value | TID
--- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Preclinical Small Animal Imaging Acquisition Context |  | TID 8101
1.1 | Language of Content Item and Descendants | English | TID 1204
1.1.2 | Country of Language | United States | TID 1204
1.2 | Person Observer Name | Doe^Jane | TID 1003
... | ... | ... | ...
1.n | Exogenous substance |  | TID 8182
1.n.1 | Tumor Graft | Adenocarcinoma | TID 8182 CID 637 CID 639
1.n.1.1 | Age Started | 6 week | TID 8182 CID 7456
1.n.1.2 | DateTime Started | yyyymmddhhss | TID 8182
1.n.1.3 | Brand Name | MDA-MB-468 | TID 8182
1.n.1.4 | Dosage | 10E6 {cells} | TID 8182 CID 6092
1.n.1.5 | Relative dose frequency | Single event | TID 8182 CID 6094 CID 6091
1.n.1.6 | Route of Administration | Subcutaneous route | TID 8182 CID 11
1.n.1.6.1 | Site of | Flank | TID 8182 CID 644
1.n.1.6.1.1 | Laterality | Left | TID 8182 CID 244
1.n.1.7 | Tissue of origin | Breast | TID 8182 CID 645
1.n.1.8 | Taxonomic rank of origin | homo sapiens | TID 8182 CID 7454

### YYY.1.3 Informative References

#### YYY.1.3.1 Method Descriptions

[Stout et al 2013] Molecular Imaging. Stout D, Berr SS, LeBlanc A, Kalen JD, Osborne D, Price J, Schiffer W, Kuntner C, and Wall J. 2013. 12. 7. 1-15. “Guidance for Methods Descriptions Used in Preclinical Imaging Papers”. http://mi.deckerpublishing.com/index.php/article/guidance-for-methods-descriptions-used-in-preclinical-imaging-papers .

[David et al 2013a] Comparative Medicine. David JM, Chatziioannou AF, Taschereau R, Wang H, and Stout DB. 2013. 63. 5. 386–91. “The Hidden Cost of Housing Practices: Using Noninvasive Imaging to Quantify the Metabolic Demands of Chronic Cold Stress of Laboratory Mice”. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3796748/ .

[David et al 2013b] Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. David JM, Knowles S, Lamkin DM, and Stout DB. 2013. 52. 6. 738–44. “Individually Ventilated Cages Impose Cold Stress on Laboratory Mice: A Source of Systemic Experimental Variability”. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838608/ .

[Rosenbaum et al 2009] Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Rosenbaum MD. 2009. 48. 6. 763–73. “Effects of Cage-Change Frequency and Bedding Volume on Mice and Their Microenvironment”. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786931/ .

[Fueger et al 2006] Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Fueger BJ. 2006. 47. 6. 999–1006. “Impact of Animal Handling on the Results of 18F-FDG PET Studies in Mice”. http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/47/6/999 .

[Dandekar et al 2007] Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Dandekar M. 2007. 48. 4. 602–7. “Reproducibility of 18F-FDG microPET Studies in Mouse Tumor Xenografts”. doi:10.2967/jnumed.106.036608 http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/48/4/602 .

[Lee et al 2005] Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Lee KH. 2005. 46. 9. 1531–36. “Effects of Anesthetic Agents and Fasting Duration on 18F-FDG Biodistribution and Insulin Levels in Tumor-Bearing Mice”. http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/46/9/1531 .

[Balcombe et al 2004] Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Balcombe JP. 2004. 43. 6. 42–51. “Laboratory Routines Cause Animal Stress”. .

[Van der Meer et al 2004] Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Van der Meer E. 2004. 38. 4. 376–83. “Short-term effects of a disturbed light–dark cycle and environmental enrichment on aggression and stress-related parameters in male mice”. http://www.animalexperiments.info/resources/Studies/Animal-impacts/Stress.-Balcombe-et-al-2004./Stress-Balcombe-et-al-2004.pdf .

[Tabata et al 1998] Laboratory Animals. Tabata H. 1998. 32. 2. 143–48. “Comparison of Effects of Restraint, Cage Transportation, Anaesthesia and Repeated Bleeding on Plasma Glucose Levels between Mice and Rats”. doi:10.1258/002367798780599983 http://lan.sagepub.com/content/32/2/143 .

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DICOM PS3.17 2017a - Explanatory Information