QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)
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# QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

## QQ.1 Enhanced US Volume Use of the Blending and Display Pipeline

This Annex contains a number of examples illustrating Ultrasound's use of the Blending and Display Pipeline. An overview of the examples included is found in Table QQ.1-1.

Table QQ.1-1. Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

Example | Data Types | Blending RGB Inputs | Mapping | Blending Operation | Blending Weight Inputs
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | NA | Identity | None | NA
2 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY | Grayscale | Output = RGB1 | Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)
Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)
3 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY) | Colorized | Output = RGB1 | Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)
Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)
4 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY | Grayscale | Output = proportional summation of RGB1 and RGB2 | Weight 1 = constant
FLOW_VELOCITY | RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY) | Colorized | Weight 2 = constant
5 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY | Grayscale | Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY | Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2
FLOW_VELOCITY | RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY) | Colorized | Weight 2 = constant
6 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY | Grayscale | Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY (MSB) and FLOW_VARIANCE (LSB) with 2-dimensional color mapping | Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2
FLOW_VELOCITY | RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE) | Colorized | Weight 2 = Alpha 2
FLOW_ VARIANCE | Colorized
7 | TISSUE_INTENSITY | RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY) | Colorized | Combination based on all data value inputs with colorized tissue and colorized 2-dimensional color mapping of flow and variance. | Weight 1 = Alpha 1
FLOW_VELOCITY | RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE) | Colorized | Weight 2 = Alpha 2
FLOW_ VARIANCE | Colorized

In the examples below, the following attributes are referenced:

- Data Type (0018,9808)

- Data Path Assignment (0028,1402)

- Bits Mapped to Color Lookup Table (0028,1403)

- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function (0028,1405)

- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function (0028,140D)

- Blending Weight Constant (0028,1406)

- RGB LUT Transfer Function (0028,140F)

- Alpha LUT Transfer Function (0028,1410)

- Red Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1101)

- Red Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1201)

- Green Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1102)

- Green Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1202)

- Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1103)

- Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1203)

- Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1104)

- Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1204)

### QQ.1.1 Example 1 - Grayscale P-Values Output

Grayscale pass through for 1 data frame using identity Presentation LUT:

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_PVALUES | Grayscale

Figure QQ.1-1. Example 1

### QQ.1.2 Example 2 - Grayscale-only Color Output

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = 1.0

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = 0.0

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - <none>

### Note

Compared to Example 1, the perceived contrast of the displayed grayscale image will likely be different as a consequence of the use of PCS-Values as opposed to P-Values unless color management software interpreting the PCS-Values attempts to approximate the Grayscale Standard Display Function. This is true regardless of whether a color or grayscale display is used.

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | Mapped to Grayscale

Figure QQ.1-2. Example 2

### QQ.1.3 Example 3 - Color Tissue (Pseudo-color) Mapping

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = 1.0

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = 0.0

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  - Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - <none>

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-3. Example 3

### QQ.1.4 Example 4 - Fixed Proportion Additive Grayscale Tissue and Color Flow

Grayscale mapping from primary data frame and color mapping from secondary data frame:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

  - Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  - Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY | SECONDARY_SINGLE | Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-4. Example 4

### QQ.1.5 Example 5 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or the colorized flow velocity value based on the magnitude of the flow velocity sample value:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

  - All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY | SECONDARY_SINGLE | Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-5. Example 5

### QQ.1.6 Example 6 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity and Flow_variance W/2d Color Mapping

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table, based on flow/variance values. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

  - All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Usage
--- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY | SECONDARY_HIGH | MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT
FLOW_VARIANCE | SECONDARY_LOW | LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Figure QQ.1-6. Example 6

### QQ.1.7 Example 7 - Color Tissue / Velocity / Variance Mapping - Blending Considers Both Data Paths

Each output value is a combination of colorized tissue intensity and a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table using the upper 5 bits of the FLOW_VELOCITY value and upper 3 bits of the FLOW_VARIANCE value to allow the use of 256-value Secondary Palette Color Lookup Tables. The blending proportion is based on values from both data paths. If the sum of the two RGB values exceeds 1.0, the value is clamped to 1.0. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

- Weight 1:

  - Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_1

- Weight 2:

  - Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

- Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

- Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

  - RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

  - Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type | Data Path Assignment | Bits Mapped To Color Lookup Table | Usage
--- | --- | --- | ---
TISSUE_INTENSITY | PRIMARY_SINGLE | 8 | Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table
FLOW_VELOCITY | SECONDARY_HIGH | 5 | MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT
FLOW_VARIANCE | SECONDARY_LOW | 3 | LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Figure QQ.1-7. Example 7

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